Evaluation of Different Levels of Digestible Phosphorus in Layer Hens
Introduction
World population will exceed 9 billion people in the next 4 decades (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], 2014) with a concomitant 60% increase in food demand. (Kebreab, 2016).
Poultry farming is important in generating high-quality, low-cost food for humans, and particularly, chicken eggs play a significant role; hence, numerous studies are aimed at determining the mineral requirements, especially calcium and phosphorus, in laying hens. (Sanmiguel, 2016).
Phosphorus is the third most expensive component in a ration (Vallardi, 2002) and has environmental importance due to its excretion by birds. (Keshavarz, 2004).
Valdés 2011 in his work mentions that genetic selection has changed the characteristics of laying hens, which are more productive, with lower maintenance requirements, but also with low feed intake, so they consider that the calcium and phosphorus requirements need to be constantly reevaluated.
It is also worth noting that in Mexico and other egg producing countries, we still use available and non-digestible phosphorus values, this is due to various factors, the first being that recommendations in the literature still use available phosphorus from NRC Tables and second, we do not have information on the digestible phosphorus values in the ingredients we are using, however, the concept of digestible phosphorus is beginning to appear in literature such as the Brazilian tables (Rostagno 2017), in the Hy-Line W80 2017 manual, and the nutritional needs in poultry farming FEDNA (Spanish Foundation for the Development of Animal Nutrition) Standards (2018).
The available phosphorus requirements for laying hens have been evaluated; however, studies to work with digestible phosphorus are scarce.
Pre-cecal digestibility (PC) is an established criterion for measuring the quality of certain nutrients in birds. Therefore, this criterion begins to take relevance since the values are not affected by post-ileal microbial activity, in addition to eliminating the effect of contamination by urinary excretion. This is an advantage since urinary excretion is one of the most important regulators in P metabolism. This criterion can be developed as an alternative tool for measuring P availability, as one of its advantages is its lower sensitivity to variation in dietary P, compared to other approaches.
To implement adequate Ca and P rations, it is necessary to know the digestibilit...
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