Swine Nutritional Requirements
In this second article related to the new edition of the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (BTPS), we will continue describing the methodologies and equations used to determine energy and nutrient requirements for swine. We recommend acquiring this publication as a reference for nutritionists. In the present summary, the citations of literature were omitted to simplify reading, but the complete documentation can be found in these new report of the BTPS.
Integrated factorial and empirical models were also used to estimate the nutritional requirements of pigs. In this 5th edition, the genetic improvements impacted the growth curves with final heavier live body weights (BW) at similar age. These faster growth rates caused improvements in the feed conversion ratios.
The Gompertz equation was also used to describe growth. In this article, we will present some equations as examples of the process used to estimate the requirements. However, the BTPS contains more equations and multiple practical examples and values calculated for each growing or reproductive phase or condition.
Most of the equations depend on the BW of growing pigs, gestating gilts or sows, lactating sows, and piglets. Then, an accurate, practical, and expedited estimation of BW and the BW gain becomes even more important. Technologies like machine vision to predict the BW of individual pigs with more frequency may contribute to obtaining a better prediction of nutrient requirements.
The nutritional recommendations were estimated for herds of high genetic potential. This includes values for barrow, gilts, entire males up to 100 kg and immuno-castrated from 100 kg onwards, and mixed-sex pigs of high and standard performance.
Growing pigs
Energy requirements
The daily metabolizable energy (ME) requirements were determined based on daily ME for maintenance (MEm) and for production (MEp) or growth. The MEm (kcal/day) = 106*BW0.75 with BW expressed in kilograms. The MEp was obtained from experiments and the data included performance, feed intake, and ME intake by gender, age, and rearing phases. Consequently, the ME requirements for males of high genetic potential can be estimated with the following equations:
ME entire males up to 105 kg = (106*W0.75) + (1782.4 + 71.426*BW – 0.4552*BW2)*BWgain (kg/day)
ME immuno-castrated males 105-155 kg = (106*W0.75) + 5875.5*BWgain (kg/day)
The entire males had lower requirements and feed intake than...
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