Definition & classification
Fats and oils of vegetable origin as well as their by-products are considered raw materials that originate from various vegetable sources. These mainly include oilseeds such as soybeans, rapeseeds, sunflower or camelina. However, they may also derive from certain fruits like: olives, coconut or palm.
In addition to the original vegetable fats there is a group of industrial by-products derived from fats, including products such as:
oleins, residues from the refining of edible fats
lecithins, gums derived from the refining of industrial processes
glycerol or other by-products that can also be used as energy sources in animal feed.
This type of fats tend to be found in liquid form(they possess a lower melting point than animal fats.) However, there are certain exceptions such as coconut or palm oil which have higher melting points,presenting a solid appearance at room temperature.
Vegetable oils used in food businesses (category 13.1.19 of the catalogue of raw materials; UCO) are currently banned in animal feed. Except for unheated oils, recovered during s production process (e.g. lecithin) or vegetable oils which have been used by food company operators in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 for cooking. These must not have been in contact with meat, animal fats, fish or aquatic animals.
Vegetable fats, like any other type of fat, mainly provide energy in the form of lipids in feed.
Unlike animal fats, some of these are not produced in Europe or at least they are not from crops harvested within this region. Hence,the environmental impacts associated with of their use in animal feed can be very significant(as is the case with soybean oil and palm oil).
On the other hand, industrial by-products derived from these fats have lower environmental impacts due to their by-product status, and may also have a lower price.
The “Catalogue of raw materials” (Regulation (EU) 68/2013) classifies vegetable fat in section “2. Oilseeds, oilseeds and oil products thereof” and industrial by-products derived from fats such as acid oils resulting from chemical refining (oleins) or fatty acid distillates derived from physical refining in section “13. Other raw materials”
It is mandatory to declare the moisture content when it is greater than 1% and the crude fat content in the case of acid oils.
Procurement process
In general, fats of vegetable origin are obtained through mechanica...
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