Advancements, Implications, and Constraints of Low-Crude-Protein Diets in Swine Farming
Introduction
Feeding programs in pig production are usually divided into three phases: nursery, growth, and finishing (Rostagno et al., 2017). In each of these phases, it is essential to provide an adequate supply of dietary crude protein (CP) to meet the requirements for essential amino acids and nitrogen (N) for non-essential amino acid synthesis (van Milgen and Dourmad, 2015).
Consequently, the emphasis has shifted towards supplying a comprehensive array of amino acids rather than solely focusing on CP, as this approach is more widely acknowledged (Millet et al., 2018).
Moreover, the inclusion of the amino acid Isoleucine in diets depends on its economic value and the specific feeding program.
Experimental studies have shown that even lower levels of CP can be achieved by supplementing amino acids such as Histidine, Leucine, and Phenylalanine.
Nonetheless, excessively low levels of crude protein can adversely impact swine performance due to the reduction of non-essential amino acids, intact protein, and essential bioactive compounds such as peptides and isoflavones in the diet.
Indeed, altering the CP level in the diet, even while keeping the ideal ratios of essential amino acids with Lys, has shown negative effects on swine performance.
The objective of this review is to examine the advancements and consequences of low-crude-protein diets that are well-balanced for all essential amino acids and their influence on swine performance.
Benefits and Limitations of Low-Crude-Protein Diets
From a performance standpoint:
The economic efficiency of low-Crude-Protein diets can vary depending on ingredient prices and how the animals respond to the diet.
Low-crude-protein diets have well-established environmental benefits due to reduced nitrogen excretion.
Balanced low-crude-protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids have been employed to enhance intestinal health in swine.
Through the reduction of soybean meal content, low-crude-protein diets exhibit decreased levels of indigestible carbohydrates (stachyose and raffinose) and antigenic proteins (glycinin and β-conglycinin), which are known as antinutritional factors.
Additionally, low-crude-protein diets may have the potential to reduce the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, including ammonia and polyamines.
While research has focused on ensuring sufficient...
Regístrate gratuitamente y accede a los mejores artículos sobre nutrición en nutriNews .
Regístrate en nutriNews to unlock this item and get more benefits like:
Iniciar sesión
Access to the
revista digital
Videos y podcasts exclusivos
Newsletters with the
últimas novedades
Regístrate en nutriNews
REGISTRARME
